An eye-tracking investigation of visual search strategies and test performance of L1 and L2 listening test takers

Through the use of eye-tracking technology and a while-listening performance (WLP) test, this study examined differences in gaze behaviors measured listening performances on test items (across various stages test) compared them between native English-speaking (E-L1) non-native (E-L2) candidates. One hundred students from public university Singapore participated study. A series Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that E-L1 candidates outperformed E-L2 with higher scores. Using stringent data processing cutoffs (presence?80% data) non-parametric multivariate analyses, further found dynamicity across was similar However, there were distinctive two groups. For candidates, none different predicted their overall In contrast, scores for by average proportion time they had dwelled while simultaneously answering to auditory text. The is first show keyword matching during stage significantly contributes WLP These results suggest focal construct confounded group-specific reading items. line previous research, format assessing second language comprehension not recommended.